Blog #6 - Part 4 Early Modern Era Ch 14-16

PART 4 - THE EARLY MODERN WORLD 1450-1750

Beginnings of globalization, distinctly modern societies, and a growing European presence.

European explorers and conquests, African slave trades, Global trade,

CHAPTER 14: Empires and Encounters, 1450–1750

+ European Empires in the Americas
Columbus landed in Hispaniaola 1492, (current day Domincan Republic/Haiti)

• The European Advantage - They were close in distance to the Americas
• The Great Dying - In some cases up to 90% of the America's population died from diseases becuase they had not immunities built up because the lack of domesticated animals.
• The Columbian Exchange - massive transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people
From Europe: Wheat, rice, sugarcane, grapes, and many garden vegetables and fruits. Also, horses, pigs, cattle, goats, sheep...
From Americas: corn, potatoes, and cassava

+ Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas
Spanish, Portuguese, British, and French

• In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas
• Colonies of Sugar-Plantation Agriculture, Slave trade, 80% went to Brazil and Carribean, only 6% went to North America. Sugar was labor intensive. Slaves were made up of captured criminals. Slaves came from West Afica. Less mixing blood with the North America slaves.
• Settler Colonies in North America- North American colonies were more literate because their religions encouraged them to read the bible themselves.

+ The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire
Invaded Siberia for their fur (which was like gold, soft gold)

• Experiencing the Russian Empire
• Russians and Empire- The wealth of Empire - rich agricultural lands, valuable fures, mineral deposits - played a major role in making Russia one of the great powers of Europe by the eighteenth century, and it has enjoyed that position ever since.

+ Asian Empires
Turko-Mongol invadors from central asia created the Mughal Empire. (India)
Qing or Manchu Dynasty

• Making China an Empire- Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) peaceful marking of the boundary between Russia and China.
• Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire
• Muslims, Christians, and the Ottoman Empire

CHAPTER 15: Global Commerce, 1450-1750

+ Europeans and Asian Commerce

• A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
• Spain and the Philippines- Named after the Spanish king Philip II.
• The East India Companies
• Asian Commerce

+ Silver and Global Commerce

+ The “World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce

+ Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade

• The Slave Trade in Context
• The Slave Trade in Practice
• Comparing Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa

CHAPTER 16: Religion and Science, 1450–1750

+ The Globalization of Christianity

• Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation
• Christianity Outward Bound
• Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America
• An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits

+ Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions

• Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World
• China: New Directions in an Old Tradition
• India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide

+ A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science

• The Question of Origins: Why Europe?
• Science as Cultural Revolution
• Science and Enlightenment
• Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century
• European Science Beyond the West

Note: Info comes from The Ways of the World, A brief Global History textbook by Robert W. Strayer, website, http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/strayer1e/default.asp?